Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients Pus at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Region, Cameroon

Background and Objective: The emergence of multiresistant bacteria is a serious public health problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from patient pus at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 4 months. All bacteria strains isolated from pus samples using bacteriological identification techniques (enrichment in brain heart broth, culture on agar, biochemical identification and antibiogram by the disc diffusion technique) were performed in patients with suppuration. The data collected was entered into an Excel sheet and then analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Results: Bacteriological analyzes showed an overall prevalence of pus infections of 89.40%. Of the 59 bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 66.10%, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (23.73%), then Pseudomonas spp. (8.47%) and finally Clostridium spp. (1.69%). The highest prevalence of bacteria was observed in patients with a secondary level of education, with Enterobacteriaceae (31.81%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.6%) (p<0.05). Neuropathy-seeking people had a rate of 30.30% of Enterobacteriaceae infections and 50% of pus was superficial and caused by Enterobacteria. Staphylococcus aureus showed a resistance in contact with penicillin of 92.86% and Enterobacteriaceae showed a 100% resistance in contact with penicillins and cephalosporins. Conclusion: Multiresistance to the usual antibiotics is a real public health problem that impacts our society and the health system. Therefore, it is important to improve antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy protocols in the context of wound suppuration and to identify the resistance genes produced by these germs.